Tunneling-Induced Deformation of Bare Frame Structures on Sand: Numerical Study of Building Deformations

The paper compares the performance of two FEM approaches in reproducing response bare frame structures to tunneling dry dense sand. A fully coupled approach, which tunnel, frame, and soil are accounted for, is compared with a two-stage method incorporating simpler structural models. validated against centrifuge test results sand beneath frames founded on either rafts or separate footings. Both provide good estimates displacements distortions experienced by provided that soil-foundation interface stiffness correctly for. numerical models also employed extend range eccentric configurations investigated tests. demonstrate shear deformations play an important role for all considered buildings, whereas only footings sensitive horizontal ground movements. Finally, data synthesized using modification factors recently proposed relative terms.